Thursday, April 25, 2019

Eight Advantages of Pouch Cells for Lithium Battery Packs

A 30Ah Lithium Battery is the latest Pouch Cell manufactured by Bestgo Battery. The best thing about these LiFePO4 Lithium Batteries is that they can be connected in series and parallel to make a 12 Cell Pack of 12.8V 90Ah 4S3P, 9.6V 120Ah 3S4P, or 19.2V 60Ah 6S2P to configure your battery pack exactly as you want.
The 30Ah Pouch Cell is a kind of LiFePO4 cell with good power and energy density, long cycle life, and ultra-safe design. An advanced Product Database Management System (PDMS) is deployed to monitor the whole cell manufacturing process. The system will also help to select the best identical cells for assembling a Lithium Battery Pack and make sure the cells in the pack will have the best consistency. With our high-quality Lithium Cells, we can help you build a nice Energy Storage System for various applications like a UPS power supply, an off-grid solar system etc.

Bestgo Battery is one of our best Lithium Battery suppliers. Their Lithium Pouch Cells are riding the crest of a new way of thinking with regards to Energy Storage. They are the new frontier. Bestgo’s new pouch cells are the ultimate in weight, flexibility, and life. We are getting glowing reports from a variety of customers who are using pouch cells in robotics, yard maintenance equipment, undersea vehicles, research projects, and other applications where they are replacing small engines. Bestgo’s factory has a production capacity of over a million cells a month. From a very basic level, here are 8 reasons that we like to use EV Pouch Cells in Lithium Battery Packs:
1.    Flexibility of the Lithium Battery Pack
Bestgo offers completely assembled battery packs with the BMS built in as a standard battery module. Modules can be assembled in a parallel configuration for increased capacity, or in a series configuration to increase the voltage. If needed, the BMS can offer an output cable for communication. These battery modules can be charged separately or as a whole battery pack if assembled.
2.    Cycle Life
Bestgo has tested a cell that was randomly picked off the assembly line. After the accelerated equivalent of more than 12 years (4,400 charge cycles) of constant cycling, this 10 AH cell still registered about 9 AH. That is a very impressive small drop of storage capacity after 12 years of about 10%.
3.    Reliability
As an example, a 36-volt pack at 10 AH will only require 12 pouch cells welded together. If that same application were to use 18650 cylindrical cells, it would require 72 pieces of 1.5 Ah 18650 cells welded together. In a series string if any of the 72 cells have a problem the complete pack will fail. Also 72 cells mean 144 nodes, each node represents one potential fault. So, a cylindrical based pack is not as reliable as an electrically equivalent pouch cell pack which would only have 24 nodes. In addition, the pouch cell welding procedure is much more reliable than welding cylindrical cells.
4.    Improved Energy Storage
A pouch cell’s energy storage capacity is much greater in a given physical space in comparison to cylindrical cells.
5.    Safety
Whenever either pouch cells or cylindrical cells have internal problems, pressure builds and they will swell up. In those infrequent situations, pouch cells merely swell up. Cylindrical cells are traditionally encased in an iron jacket, so that when the pressure builds within a cylindrical cell whose ends are held captive by other batteries or the case, they can literally explode which could result in a dangerous safety hazard.
6.    Weight
Typically, pouch cells weigh less than the equivalent prismatic or cylindrical battery. The flat pouch cell energy density is greater than other shaped cells.
7.    Uniformity and Consistency
Bestgo’s entire pouch cell line is manufactured by automatic equipment, thus eliminating human error in hand-made cells. In between each step of the manufacturing process, the cell is automatically tested which allows every cell to have amazing uniformity and consistency.
8.    Included PCB
One of the other benefits to using pouch cells for smaller applications is the fact that Bestgo can furnish a very effective PCB (Protective Circuit Board) with the pack to balance the batteries and protect them from over-charging and being over discharged. For smaller battery applications up to 72 volts, the PCB approach is far more cost-effective than the more elaborate BMS systems. Each PCB board will control up to 20 cells.

I’m sure you can see by now why we are excited by Bestgo Battery Pouch Cells in general and 30Ah LiFePO4 Lithium Pouch Cells in particular. We hope you can find an application which these cells would be perfect for. Your energy ideas are what our company runs on!

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

New Large Lithium Energy Storage System Sizes and Data

Brand new sizes and data available about Large Lithium Energy Storage Systems. We just received the data for a 500KW, a 1MW (480V or 618V), a 15MW, and a 30MW Large Energy Storage Module with Lithium LiFePO4 Batteries in 40 ft. containers. A full explanation and calculation of how you get the right power and voltage is included on the datasheet for each size energy container (500KW to 30MW).
These energy storage containers are made up of lithium iron phosphate batteries with a high energy density and a long cycle life. Very little space is unused with a compact box structure. The entire system is highly integrated and easy to install and transport.


This diagram shows how the Energy Storage Systems interface with the electrical grid. Power from solar panels or wind turbines is stored in Lithium Batteries during low grid demand. The energy stored in the storage system is used for power shifting for peak shaving or demand compensation and pulse load compensation in houses, factories, ferries, etc.
The following advantages will be enjoyed when the storage system is utilized:
·         High energy density, small footprint, short construction period, and strong environmental adaptability
·         Standardized components and modular architecture for easy expansion
·         Battery module within the layered stack design
·         Battery Management System (BMS) with SOC automatic calibration
·         High precision detection includes cluster voltage detection in real time, cluster charging/discharging current detection, cell terminal voltage detection, cluster multipoint temperature, and cluster electric leakage detection
·         Equalization function
We’re very pleased to be on the cutting edge of new Energy Storage technology innovations. Whether you need a 500KW, 1MW, 15MW, or 30MW system these new additions reflect our main slogan, “No project is too big or small.”



Friday, March 15, 2019

Components of 1MWh Energy Storage System


Our 1MWh Energy Storage System (ESS) comes in either 20 or 40 ft. Containers. What follows is a quick breakdown of the components of this system.
Nine battery racks are needed to get to 1 Megawatt. (Please note that we can supply any amount of storage by leaving off battery racks or connecting multiple containers together.) Each battery rack has a capacity of 115.2 KWh (48V 2400Ah), which is composed of 20 pieces of 48V 120Ah battery modules in parallel in one battery bracket. The battery brackets are scalable in 5760 watt increments simply by adding or removing a battery.
The 48V 120Ah LiFePO4 Lithium Battery is a new environmentally friendly backup power supply which has been widely used in backup power systems. The system adopts an environmental LiFePO4 battery and configures the high-performance BMS to effectively manage the cells.
Compared with conventional batteries, is has a wider range of performance and application advantages, excellent chemical technology, BMS technology and system design capabilities to bring better product performance and reliability, providing a one-step solution for industrial applications.


This system also comes with a BMS assembled with the battery modules. Each 48V 120Ah battery module has one independent BMS which operates independently and does not affect the other modules. The product modular design makes it very convenient to install, commission, and maintain.
This 48V Storage System has intelligent design with remote monitoring, remote messaging, remote control, etc. functions. Remote management is available to make it easy to control.
We are very excited to be involved in the Energy Storage market. It is a great time to be in this field with so many cities and states heading toward 100% renewable energy. Storing electrical energy in Lithium Battery Packs is our primary field of endeavor and where we focus most of our energy. No project is too big or small. We have sources to supply Lithium Battery Storage so that your home can go off the electrical grid. We can also provide readymade systems to store enough renewable energy to power whole cities. Please get in touch to tell us about your Energy Storage goals and see if we have the Lithium Batteries and equipment to meet your objectives!

Thursday, February 28, 2019

The 7 Pitfalls of Buying Lithium Batteries that We Have Overcome



Experience has helped me learn the pitfalls of buying Lithium Batteries. More importantly, I’m able to avoid these problems and get batteries to the customer at a good price in a reasonable timeframe. There’s no substitute for visiting the actual factory where the cells are made to know who to trust and who to be wary of. I always look for a manufacturer with an experienced track record when looking for new battery suppliers. I seek to establish trust with each and every battery company I work with. Without further ado let’s get to the 7 Pitfalls:


Please read before you commit to a purchase.
Lithium is a rare earth metal that is only found in a few countries in the world.  The largest concentration is in Bolivia.  However, years ago the President of Bolivia made an agreement with the President of Iran, not a friendly country to most of the free non-Muslim world, to sell all of Bolivia’s lithium to Iran.  The next biggest commercial deposits come from China.  Thus, if you want to purchase anything with lithium in it you will probably have to deal with the Chinese.  That is not necessarily a bad thing.  I have discovered that there are many good Chinese capitalistic companies that are anxious to sell their products in the free world.  However, there are some lithium companies in China that are owned by the Chinese Government and have been formed for two purposes: To make money and to give people work.  People who work for these Government entities are like civil servants.  They know that it is difficult to fire them so, in my opinion; it is human nature that they will not pay as close attention to things as a company whose existence depends on keeping the customers happy.

My Experience with Shoddy Battery Factories
About 10 years ago I read an article written by a man from the USA who was in China on a business trip that was unrelated to batteries. He had been contemplating buying a lithium battery pack and had been corresponding to several candidates that proposed to sell him the batteries that he needed. Since he had some spare time he decided to visit some of these factories who had sent him glossy descriptions of their abilities to supply him their batteries. What he discovered on these visits was shocking. He said that some companies were manufacturing batteries in small facilities no bigger than garages while squatting on the floor with only basic tools.   There was no quality control testing.  Fortunately most of the industry has made great progress since those early days.
When I went into the lithium battery business in 2008, and in spite of this advance warning, I felt that I could determine who was a legitimate supplier and who were fraudulent or made poor quality cells.  It turned out that even with my best efforts to evaluate the Chinese lithium battery suppliers I still had some experiences that cost our company a loss in reputation and a large amount of money.  Finally I decided that the only way I could really evaluate some of the companies that made us some good offers was to go to China and do plant surveys.  It was an eye opening experience.  As a result I now routinely go to China to try to stay abreast of the latest technology and most advanced manufacturing techniques.  I try to visit up to 5 factories on each trip.   These China trips have paid off because we now know about many companies that might have caused us pain.  There are literally hundreds of companies who make lithium batteries.  Eventually the market cannot support them all and there will be a winnowing out of their ranks and only the efficient will succeed.  As they struggle and in their desperate effort to survive they are tempted to lower the purity of the chemicals in their cells and take other shortcuts in an effort to lower prices and stay competitive.

Lithium Battery Chemistries – Why We Prefer LiFePO4 Cells
There are a number of different chemistries available in a lithium battery.  These chemistries were created to address specific needs for a particular application.  There is lithium cobalt, which happens to have a high energy density but can be unstable and might spontaneously combust into flames under certain conditions.  The lithium manganese chemistry is more stable but not completely out of the woods as far as spontaneous combustion.  In most countries including the United States both of these chemistries are considered to be hazardous materials and by International Law have to be shipped and disposed of in a proscribed fashion.  Lithium Iron Phosphate is considered to be non-hazardous and is very stable.  Because of its stability the LiFePO4, (lithium Iron Phosphate) chemistry is the one most people including myself prefer.

The 7 Pitfalls of Buying Lithium Batteries:
    1. Poor Quality

    2. Financial Exposure

    3. Unforeseen Costs

    4. Delayed Delivery

    5. Shipping Issues

    6. Labeling and Paperwork Mistakes

    7. Warranty Replacements

1. Poor Quality:
Lithium is a precious and rare metal which is difficult to refine.  There are many different grades of refined lithium available to the battery manufacturer.  Often, in order to become more competitive and lower costs, the manufacturer will buy a lesser purity lithium in order to be more competitive.  Raw Low grade lithium can be as much as 220% lower in cost than high grade refined lithium.  Naturally the finished battery quality will be reflected in the purity of the lithium that is the most active component.  A lower quality lithium battery will not perform as well and will heat up more than the higher purity cell resulting in a shorter battery life.
The internals of a Prismatic lithium battery contain a large number of plates which are stacked one on top of another.   Larger prismatic battery sizes often encounter a problem that is often overlooked by the buyer because of the convenience of interconnecting the cells and the fact that they normally cost less than packs made up of pouch cells or a large quantity of cylindrical cells stacked together.   The difficulty lies in the fact that the innermost plates in a prismatic battery have a difficult time dissipating the heat that is generated when the cell is operating under a heavy load.  Very often this problem can be averted by using a large quantity of smaller thin pouch cells that have no insulating case around each cell.   These thin un-insulated pouch cells and cylindrical cells in a pack exhibit a characteristic of being able to dissipate the heat much faster.  Thus the cylindrical cells and the pouch cells usually have a higher C rating than prismatic batteries.  Pouch and cylindrical packs have a great deal of flexibility to meet physical dimensions and are usually a little lighter in weight than the equivalent prismatic cell.  The factories will generally assemble these packs to their customer’s electrical and physical parameters for no extra charge.  

2. Financial Exposure:
Whenever a person sends money into a foreign country to purchase a product made in that country they become exposed to all sorts of difficulties that have nothing to do with the end product itself.   Things like language barriers, foreign standards, dealing with foreign freight companies, and a myriad of other things can make the transaction have a less than satisfactory outcome.  This especially applies to purchasing expensive lithium batteries or battery packs.  Resolving some of these often unexpected issues can be financially painful and can delay the transaction.

3. Unforeseen Costs:
The cost of a lithium ion battery is usually the primary consideration for many buyers.  This factor is often a trap that the unwary fall into because they do not know that the first cost is often not the total cost.  Shipping transportation costs are often left off the bid price and left to the buyer to figure out.  The simple fact is this.  You will probably get what you pay for.   Since lithium costs are so high the battery longevity must be taken into consideration.  This is not easy to determine without an experienced track record for the manufacturer.

4. Delayed Delivery:
From experience I have concluded that lying is a perfected art form and a way of survival in China.  Except for pricing most Chinese will tell you what you want to hear …. Which is often far from the facts.  Over the years our company has developed contacts with individuals in China who have high ethical standards and will not lie to us.

5. Shipping Issues:
Getting the rechargeable lithium batteries from the factory to your doorstep can be a vexing problem.  Air Freight is the fastest and easiest but also the most expensive.  Traditionally we figure the air shipping costs will be about $3.50 to $4.00 a pound for batteries shipped into a North American International airport on most small shipments of up to 500 pounds.   Air shipments by FedEx, UPS or DHL usually occur with a minimum of difficulty.  Air transit time is generally less than five days.  On all shipments into North America our company typically will bid our battery cells delivered to your doorstep so that the customer does not have to deal with any shipping costs or other unknowns.

Conversely ocean shipping is much cheaper but many times more complicated.  Shipping in 20’ or 40’ containers may be simple by comparison.  Smaller shipments almost become a nuisance to shipping companies that will transfer over 500 container loads in one boat load.  Getting the shipments from the factory dock to the shipping dock and then safely stowed onboard the ship can be froth with problems.  Dock workers openly accept bribes.  Ocean transit time is generally ten to twelve days.  Getting the cargo off the ship and through United States Customs is problematic.  Every document has to be letter perfect and exactly match the label on the boxes.  This is often difficult to do with a Chinese shipping clerk who does not read, understand or write English.  There are seven hurdles that need to be cleared in the process of getting the products to the customer’s doorstep when shipping by boat.  Ocean shipping traditionally will take about 4 to 6 weeks from the time the products leave the factory’s dock.

6. Labeling and Paperwork Mistakes:
All too often a well-meaning Chinese person who does not understand English will label the box, packing slip or commercial invoice incorrectly leaving the shipment languishing in a warehouse and gathering storage charges while the miscommunication paperwork is worked out.  At times the person who sorts the different shipments that came in on the same boat will misdirect a package to the wrong customer causing confusion, delays and additional shipping costs.

7. Warranty Replacements:
Again, The Chinese companies will tell you what you want to hear.  Usually the warranty period is two years on LiFePO4 batteries.  Some of these warrantees are similar to a lead acid battery which is prorated.  If the battery fails the factory will only give you back a portion of your money.  My experience is that most Chinese companies do not send money back easily.  They will not just accept the customer’s word that his battery failed or is weak.  Before they pay off they insist that electrical measurements be taken of the battery and/or pictures to prove that the battery failed.  Even then getting a refund is like pulling teeth.  Many manufacturers will insist that an accepted BMS system be installed on the battery and proof must be shown that you have not overcharged and over-discharged the batteries.  Our company only deals with Chinese manufacturers who give a full replacement on any battery that fails within the two year period.   I have heard some real horror stories about some Chinese factories, which we do not sell, giving their customers a terrible run around until the customer eventually gives up and finally drops the whole matter and never collects the refund amount that they rightfully deserve.

The Electric Car Parts Company does its level best to help our customers avoid all of these pitfalls!

Monday, February 11, 2019

Lithium Battery Packs - 48V 16S LiFePO4 Cells

48V LiFePO4 Lithium Battery Complete Packs
With 200A (350A Peak) BMS


We are pleased to have new 48 Volt Lithium Battery Pack Systems from Bright Star available. Every pack comes with a 200 Amp Continuous and 350 Amp Peak Battery Management System (BMS). The Battery Storage Systems also come with Balancers, Busbars, and Endcaps all put together in a steel box.

The batteries used in the LiFePO4 Battery Packs are the Bright Star 150Ah LiFePO4 Lithium Batteries. The 48V Packs contain either 15 or 16 (15S or 16S) 3.2V 150Ah Batteries connected in series to get 48 volts or 51.2 volts respectively. The 15S packs are used mostly for Battery Energy Storage Systems and the 16S packs can be used for Electric Vehicles (EVs), Golf Carts, Fork Lifts, and other vehicles. The battery cells contained in the Lithium Pack are UL Approved with over 3,000 charge cycles. They are one of our special long-life batteries that are encased in Aluminum to better eliminate heat.

We’ve had many satisfied customers with the Bright Star Batteries and it will be exciting to see what will happen now that they are put together in a complete pack with a BMS and all the other components! Battery Storage technology is advancing at a rapid pace and we are thrilled to have the latest complete Energy Storage Systems with Lithium Batteries!



Specifications for 48V 150Ah 16S LiFePo4 Lithium Battery Pack:

BMS CONTINUOUS CURRENT
200 Amp
BMS PEAK CURRENT
350 Amp
BATTERY POWER
7680 Watts
NUMBER OF LIFEPO4 CELLS
16
TYPICAL CAPACITY
150Ah
NOMINAL VOLTAGE
51.2V
MAX CHARGE VOLTAGE
58.4V
CUT-OFF DISCHARGE VOLTAGE
38.4V
CYCLE LIFE AT STANDARD (80%)
>3000
INTERNAL IMPEDANCE IN MILLIOHMS
<.4
PACK DIMENSIONS
21.6” * 16.1” * 10.1” High
(550 * 410 * 256.5 mm)
PACK WEIGHT
139 Lbs. (63 Kg)
CHARGE WORKING TEMP
32F~+113F (0C~+45C)
DISCHARGE WORKING TEMP F (C)
-4F~+131F (-20C~+55C)
STORAGE TEMP F (C)
-4F~+104F (-20C~+40C)


Pricing Options

Quantity
Price From Factory in China*
1
$3,680
2-5
$3,630
6-11
$3,610
12+
Call for price

Monday, January 21, 2019

Video Showing How Energy Storage System Works

Solar Energy Storage Systems


This video explains how our small Residential Energy Storage Systems charge from solar panels during the day and then power the house at night, thus reducing electricity consumption and lowering your power bill. Another great feature of the Home Battery Storage System is the UPS function which ensures continuous electricity during a power outage.

The manufacturer warranties these Energy Systems for 5 years and the ones with 3000 Watts or 5000 Watts output come with a Solar Inverter and a Charge Controller. The Portable Storage Systems are designed for use in case of emergencies, in remote areas, health centers, disaster and rescue services, farms, electrical tools, and outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, or military use.

A storage system is different than a grid-tied solar system because rooftop solar panels won’t power your home during a power outage with the grid-tied system even if your panels are getting sunlight. A Battery Storage System allows you to pull power from your batteries instead of the grid even when the solar panels aren’t generating power.

Lithium Batteries are much preferred over Lead-Acid Batteries because of the longer lifespan and higher depth of discharge of the Lithium Batteries. Even though Lead-Acid Batteries cost a bit less, they have a shorter lifespan and require more maintenance which makes Lithium Batteries a much wiser choice for most applications.

Contact us for the perfect storage system for your needs at a great price!

Here are the specifications for the 4 models of 3000 Watts Battery Energy Storage Systems for Residential, Boat, and Light Commercial with a 5 Year Manufacturer’s Warranty: 
Model – PS6530B - $4,090 for 1 each
Battery Power
·        Nominal Lithium Battery Pack Voltage: 48 Volts, 6,630Wh
Output
·        AC Output: 3000W (Voltage is adjustable); Pure Sine Wave, Power Frequency Inverter Output
·        Peak Output: 4000W
·        Output Voltage: 120V or 240V
·        Output Frequency: 50Hz/60Hz
·        Overload Ability: 120%<load<130% @10min; 130%<load<150% @10s
·        Equal to Off-line UPS Function
·        On/Off-grid Operation
·        Max Efficiency: 92% (>70% Load)
·        110VAC Output Power is 2000W
AC Charge
·        Input: Photo-Voltaic MPPT-2000W and AC 2400W Input
·        Input Voltage: 88-264VAC
·        Power Factor: >0.95 (full load)
·        Max Efficiency: 92%
PV Charge
·        Max Input Power: 2400W
·        Start-up Voltage: 75VDC
·        MPPT Amount: 2
·        MPPT Input Voltage: 75~140VDC
·        Max Input Voltage: 150VDC
·        MPPT Efficiency: 99.5%
·        Max Efficiency>96%
Additional Information
·        Relative Humidity: 5%~90%
·        Temperature: 32F~113F (0C~45C)
·        Dimensions: 30.6 * 13.7 * 35.9 in. (779 * 350 * 912 mm)
·        Weight: 297 Lbs. / 135 Kg
·        Shipping Weight: 363 Lbs. / 165 Kg

Model – PS7530B - $4,414 for 1 each
Battery Power
·        Nominal Lithium Battery Pack Voltage: 48 Volts, 7,500Wh
Output
·        AC Output: 3000W (Voltage is adjustable); Pure Sine Wave, Power Frequency Inverter Output
·        Equal to Off-line UPS Function
·        On/Off-grid Operation
AC Charge
·        Input: Photo-Voltaic MPPT-2000W and AC 2400W Input
Additional Information
·        LCD Display

Model – PS8030B - $4,538 for 1 each
Battery Power
·        Nominal Lithium Battery Pack Voltage: 48 Volts, 8,000Wh
Output
·        AC Output: 3000W (Voltage is adjustable): Pure Sine Wave, Power Frequency Inverter Output
·        Peak Output: 4000W
·        Output Voltage: 120V or 240V
·        Output Frequency: 50Hz/60Hz
·        Overload Ability: 120%<load<130% @ 10min; 130%<load<150% @ 10s
·        Equal to Off-line UPS Function
·        On/Off-grid Operation
·        Max Efficiency: 92% (>70% Load)
·        110VAC Output Power is 2000W
AC Charge
·        Input: Photo-Voltaic MPPT-2000W and AC 2400W Input
·        Input Voltage: 88~264VAC
·        Power Factor: >0.95 (full load)
·        Max Efficiency: >92%
PV Charge
·        Max Input Power: 2400W
·        Start-up Voltage: 75VDC
·        MPPT Amount: 2
·        MPPT Input Voltage: 75~140VDC
·        Max Input Voltage: 150VDC
·        MPPT Efficiency: 99.5%
·        Max Efficiency: >96%
Additional Information
·        Relative Humidity: 5%~90%
·        Temperature: 32F~113F (0C~45C)
·        Dimensions: 30.6 * 13.7 * 35.9 in. (779 * 350 * 912 mm)
·        Weight: 346 Lbs. / 157 Kg
·        Shipping Weight: 381 Lbs. / 173 Kg

Model – PS12030B - $7,070 for 1 each
Battery Power
·        Nominal Lithium Battery Pack Voltage: 48 Volts, 12,000Wh
Output
·        AC Output: 3000W (Voltage is adjustable); Pure Sine Wave, Power Frequency Inverter Output
·        Peak Output: 4000W
·        Output Voltage: 120V or 240V
·        Output Frequency: 50Hz/60Hz
·        Overload Ability: 120%<load<130% @ 10 min; 130%<load<150% @ 10s
·        Equal to Off-line UPS Function
·        On/Off-grid Operation
·        Max Efficiency: 92% (>70% Load)
·        110VAC Output Power is 2000W
AC Charge
·        Input: Photo-Voltaic MPPT-2000W and AC 2400W Input
·        Input Voltage: 88~264VAC
·        Power Factor: >0.95 (full load)
·        Max Efficiency: 92%
PV Charge
·        Max Input Power: 2400W
·        Start-up Voltage: 75VDC
·        MPPT Amount: 2
·        MPPT Input Voltage: 75~140VDC
·        Max Input Voltage: 150VDC
·        MPPT Efficiency: 99.5%
·        Max Efficiency: >96%
Additional Information
·        Relative Humidity: 5%~90%
·        Temperature: 32F~113F (0C~45C)
·        Shipping Weight: 527 Lbs. / 239 Kg